Today, Nebo is an extremely diversified region, with significant coal deposits, broad acre grazing land and crop cultivation. It is now adding to its agricultural diversity by entering the sugar cane industry. The Shire has always been important for its supply of beef and grain and will continue to develop as demand grows.

Nebo Shire is governed by Nebo Shire Council located in the town of Nebo; with an office in Glenden, which is the largest town in the Shire.

The Peak Downs Highway traverses the Shire from the North Eastern to the South Western corner. The Bicentennial Trail also runs through the Shire from north to south over terrain ranging from mountainous to flat plains and river beds.